No, it does not ... not by a long shot. One thing common to all standards is that there is a single authoritative source to go to in order to determine what the standard is and if you are compliant with it. That source can be ISO, IEEE, Sun, Microsoft, GE, Lockheed, etc. There are GE Software Engineering standards that apply to all GE businesses and (possibly) their suppliers (enforcement, of course, is another issue). The hundreds of companies that create and sell ActiveX controls go to the MSDN Library for the definition of their standard. So the term "standard" always has a value-added meaning, which is a single source for the definition of the standard. From this, a basis of comparison to the standard is established. ==================================== Richard Conn, Principal Investigator Reuse Tapestry -----Original Message----- From: Team Ada: Ada Advocacy Issues (83 & 95) [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Jacob Sparre Andersen Sent: Saturday, July 15, 2000 9:08 AM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: Standards Richard: If you call proprietary "standards" standards, then anything is a standard. It simply devaluates the word into nothingness. Jacob (somewhat annoyed) -- "simply because no one had discovered a cure for the universe as a whole - or rather the only one that did exist had been abolished"