Using the JVM target, I can compile Ada95 code that calls classes that were compiled from Eiffel or Java source code. How is that "language replacement"? Sounds like "language neutral" to me. The article set a VERY HIGH standard for "language-neutral" that included having any language extend classes and handle exceptions from any other language. I don't know anything about ANY platform that meets those standards. -- Wes Groleau http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~wgroleau