Even without training specific to Ada 95, Ada 83 programmers already should understand the concepts of packages and private types, tasks, exceptions, generics, etc. I suspect that for software written for satellites, these are still the most important features of Ada. So I would talk in terms of number of Ada programmers, not "Ada 95" programmers. Certainly many "C++" programmers are really just C programmers who take advantage of incremental C++ improvements, without necessarily being full OO specialists. -Tuck