Some time ago, there was a discussion about smart pointers and reference counting. About a year ago or so, I wrote a paper about safe pointers that deals with exactly this kind of access type handling. I submitted it for publication to the Ada Europe periodical in August last year. I didn't take part in the discussion in this group because I wanted first to get the acknowledgment that the paper would be published. Now finally I got the confirmation that it will be published in the July issue. So this will have taken one year :-( You can download a preview of this paper and look at my version of reference counting @ http://home.T-Online.de/home/Christ-Usch.Grein/a-safp.zip Christoph Grein Member of Ada Germany http://home.T-Online.de/home/Christ-Usch.Grein [log in to unmask]