Samuel (Mize) said: " If the engineering processes and testing strategies are strong enough to > provide confidence in the face of typos, mental bobbles and occasional > bad decisions, they are certainly strong enough to provide confidence > while using a less-than-validated compiler. Indeed, any weapon system > developed with C or Jovial must have been able to do so." > Actually, JOVIAL (J73) compilers were validated by the Language Control Facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. There was a very specific Air Force requirement that only validated JOVIAL compilers were to be used. As a matter of fact, the JOVIAL Compiler Validation System (JCVS) still exists, and my organization will test JOVIAL compilers if anyone wishes. To a lesser extent, C compilers were validated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology until a year or so ago. Such vendors as DEC and IBM (primarily those doing business with the Government) had validated C compilers. Again, my organization offers validation services for C compilers (as well as C++ compilers) if anyone is interested. Phil Brashear EDS Conformance Testing Center 4646 Needmore Road, Bin 46 P.O. Box 24593 Dayton, OH 45424-0593 (937) 237-4510 [log in to unmask] www.eds-conform.com >