The article "Observing a Subject's Attributes" has been posted to the Ada95 patterns list. It appears under "September 1999" in the patterns archive. <http://www.acm.org/archives/patterns.html> All the Ada95 source code is included in the message. Here's the introduction: In previous implementations of the Observer pattern, the observer would query the entire state of the subject during a notification, because it had no way of knowing which specific attribute had changed. Here, we vary the pattern so that the observer can observe each subject attribute individually, so it only has to display the attribute that has changed. You can subscribe to the Ada95 patterns list by sending the message (body) subscribe patterns <your full name> to the ACM mailing list server. <mailto:[log in to unmask]> You can send comments and questions to the Ada95 patterns list, or to me directly. <mailto:[log in to unmask]> <mailto:[log in to unmask]> Matt